My Traceroute (mtr), combines the features of Ping and Traceroute software in a single application useful for analyzing the quality and performance of network traffic.
In this article we will see how to install MTR Traceroute and how to interpret the returned data.
Generally a test is carried out between a Host, where Mtr is installed, and a Destination Host specified by the user. Mtr, after having determined every single Hop address (Hop are the single nodes (router or other devices) that are located between the source and destination hosts), sends to each single node a series of ICMP ECHO commands so as to being able to check the quality of the connection between the computer of the source and the destination computer.
How To Run Iperf
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Installation and use of MTR on Linux
For operating systems based on Redhat, download MTR as follows:
yum install mtr
For Debian based operating systems, download MTR with the following command:
apt-get install mtr
Installed Mtr run:
mtr [destination_IP_address_or_domain]
the result is generally a data report like the one below:
How to install and use MTR on Windows
the result will be the following:
How to install and use MTR on Mac OS X
You can download the Mtr package from Rudix, a platform that offers several utilities for MAC systems and generally for Linux Based systems.
The result is similar to that reported for Linux Based Operating Systems.
Interpretation of MTR resultsBasic concepts:
A reliable test with Mtr should last at least ten minutes.
The MTR output shows data for two sectors of analysis: lost packets and latency. Considering that a single test with Mtr is unidirectional, it would be advisable to trace in both directions. One realizes that the results are very often different in one direction or another. Furthermore, the first Hops shown in the report generally belong to your ISP (Internet Services Provider) while the last Hop belong to the ISP of the destination Host. The Hops between these two groups represent the internet network between the two networks analyzed.
Packet Loss:
On the first column of the report, for each Hop, the percentage of packages that have not reached the destination host is indicated. If in the report we find a single Hop with a high percentage of lost packets this certainly does not represent a network problem. It is generally observed at the ISP address and is caused by bandwidth limits set by the ISP itself or by the fact that the router CPU is busy.
Bandwidth of our ISP causes, on the Mtr report, the presence of a small packet loss in the first hops. These data are very often observable but do not indicate malfunctions or network problems.
A significant loss of data from hop 8 to 13 indicates a serious connection problem and certainly deserves further investigation.
Network latency:
The latency data is shown in the last five columns of the report (the second column shows the progressive number of the ICMP packets sent). Normally the latency increases proportionally to the test execution time. If the growth is proportional and does not present significant jumps, this means that there are no problems on the network. They do not indicate anomalies nor peak values on the single node 6.
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Conversely, if from node 8 onwards high latency values are found (compared to the first 6 hops), which persist until the last hops, it could indicate the presence of numerous problems on the network, such as inadequate configurations of network cards or routers , abnormally working services or network congestion.
Iperf Tutorial
Conclusions:
For a complete network analysis the results obtained with Mtr are often compared with those obtained with iPerf
The analysis of the Mtr and iPerf reports allows to understand if the network has performance and / or connection problems. Resolving anomalies helps improve the performance of those software that use the internet for file transfer. This is the case of Iperius Remote for remote assistance, but also Iperius Backup, when the items to be backed up, or their destinations, are on Cloud, S3 or FTP servers.
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Iperf is a network performance testing tool. Iperf can test TCP and UDP bandwidth quality. Iperf can measure the maximum TCP bandwidth, with a variety of parameters and UDP characteristics. Iperf can report bandwidth, delay jitter, and packet loss. Using the Iperf feature, you can test the performance of some network devices such as routers, firewalls, switches, and so on.
There are two versions of Iperf, the Windows version and the Linux version. Linux version update fast, the latest version of Iperf 3.0, download address for http://code.google.com/p/iperf/downloads/list, The latest version of the official update for Windows version is 1.7 (packaged in jperf) and the download address is:
Iperf3 Mac Os
http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf/files/jperf/jperf%202.0.0/, but the porting version iperf2.5 was found on the network. Iperf also has a graphical interface program called Jperf, which simplifies the construction of complex command-line parameters by using Jperf programs, and it also saves test results and graphically displays results in real time. Of course, Jperf can test TCP and UDP bandwidth quality. Jperf can measure the maximum TCP bandwidth, with a variety of parameters and UDP characteristics. Jperf can report bandwidth, delay jitter, and packet loss. For the accuracy of the test, try to use the Linux environment test.
Iperf and Jperf related files are packaged in the attachment
The main functions of Iperf are as follows: TCP Measurement network bandwidth report MSS/MTU value size and observations support for TCP window values through socket buffering supports multithreading when P threads or Win32 threads are available. Client and server-side support simultaneous multiple-connection UDP clients can create a specified bandwidth UDP stream measure packet loss measurement latency support for multicast when P threads are available, multithreading is supported. The client and server support simultaneous multiple connections (Windows not supported) other in the appropriate place, K (kilo-) and M (mega-) can be used in the options. For example, 131072 bytes can be replaced with 128K. You can specify the total time to run, or even set the total amount of data to be transferred. In the report, select the most appropriate unit for the data. The server supports multiple connections, rather than waiting for a single threaded test. Repeats network bandwidth, fluctuations, and packet loss at specified intervals. The server side can be run as a background program. The server side can run as a Windows service. Use typical data streams to test the impact of link layer compression on available bandwidth. Supports the transfer of specified files, which can be qualitatively and quantitatively tested
Iperf Use the method to install Iperf for Windows version of the Iperf, directly to the extracted Iperf.exe and cygwin1.dll copied to the%systemroot% directory for the Linux version of the Iperf, Please use the following command to install
Gunzip-c iperf-<version>.tar.gz | TAR-XVF-
CD iperf-<version>
./configure
Make
Make install
Using Iperf (for example, in the Windows version)
Enter the Iperf command at the command prompt to run Iperf, and use the command iperf–help to view Iperf Help
Iperf parameter Introduction
Using Iperf to test router performance
Test single-threaded TCP running Iperf on the server, enter command iperf–s–p 12345–i 1–m to enable Iperf on native port 12345
On the client run Iperf, enter the command iperf–c server-ip–p server-port–i 1–t 10–w 20K, where the parameters are described below:
-C: Client mode, followed by server IP
-P: Ports that are followed by a service-side listener
-I: Set the time interval for bandwidth reporting, in seconds
-T: Set the length of the test in seconds
-W: Set the TCP window size, you can generally do without settings, default can
After the test screenshot is as follows:
Client screenshot
Service-side Screenshots
Where: Interval represents the time interval. Transfer represents the amount of data that is transferred within the time interval. Bandwidth is the rate of transmission in the time interval. The last line is the statistics for this test. The test shows that the average bandwidth is 89.9mbit/s.
Testing Multithreaded TCP
Adding the-p parameter on the client tests multithreaded TCP performance, as follows: Testing with two threads
Client
Test single-threaded UDP (default bandwidth) to run Iperf on the server, enter command iperf–s-u–p 12345–i 1 to enable Iperf on native Port 12345, and run Iperf in UDP mode on the client, enter command iperf-c Server-ip-p server-port-i 1-t 10-b, where parameters are described below:
-C: Client mode, followed by server IP
-P: Ports that are followed by a service-side listener
-I: Set the time interval for bandwidth reporting, in seconds
-T: Set the length of the test in seconds
-B: Set UDP send bandwidth, unit bit/s
Client
Service side
Among them, jitter is jitter, Lost/total is lost packet number, datagrams is packet quantity. test single-threaded UDP (Bandwidth is 10mbit/s)
Set client bandwidth to 10M, use parameter-B to specify
Download Iperf For Mac Os 10.10
Client
Service side
Download Iperf For Mac Os 10.13
Testing multithreaded UDP
Similar to multithreaded TCP, the client only needs to specify the number of threads using the-p parameter
test the two-way transmission of UDP
The client uses parameter-D to run the dual test mode, and the client carries out UDP round-trip testing with the server. You can use the-l parameter to specify the port on which the dual test is listening.
Client
Service-side test for UDP reciprocating transmission
Similar to bidirectional transport, use parameter-R to run interactive mode, and you can still use the-l parameter to specify the port of the interaction.
Client
Service side
Distributed Testing
Test multiple IP addresses using more than one computer or using a single computer. When using multiple IP address tests for a single computer, you can use the-B command to bind an IP address of the NIC to test
How to use Jperf
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